Kubika ingufu nigice cyingenzi ningenzi byingenzi bifasha tekinoroji ya gride yubwenge, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zingana na sisitemu yingufu, interineti yingufu.porogaramu yo kubika ingufu za batiri iroroshye.ukurikije imibare ituzuye, cumulative yashyizweho igashyirwa mubikorwa byumushinga wo kubika ingufu za batiri kwisi yose hagati ya 2000 na 2017 ni giva 2,6, naho iyo ubushobozi ari 4.1 giva, ubwiyongere bwumwaka buri 30% na 52%.Ni ibihe bintu byungukirwa no gukura byihuse kubika ingufu za batiri kandi ni izihe mbogamizi duhura nazo?Igisubizo gitangwa muri raporo iheruka ya deloitte, imbogamizi n'amahirwe ku isoko ryo kubika batiri ku isi.Dufata ingingo zingenzi muri raporo kubasomyi.
Impamvu yo gutwara isoko kubika ingufu za batiri
1. igiciro no kunoza imikorere
Uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu bumaze imyaka mirongo, kuki kubika ingufu za batiri byiganje muri iki gihe?Igisubizo kigaragara cyane ni igabanuka ryibiciro byayo nigikorwa cyacyo, kigaragara cyane muri bateri ya lithium-ion.Muri icyo gihe, izamuka rya bateri ya lithium-ion naryo ryungukiye ku isoko ryaguka ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
2. kuvugurura imiyoboro
Ibihugu byinshi bishyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kuvugurura imiyoboro igamije kunoza guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kugabanya ihungabana rya sisitemu ijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo bishaje no kunoza imikorere muri rusange.Izi gahunda mubisanzwe zirimo kohereza tekinoroji yubwenge muri gride yashizweho kugirango igere ku itumanaho ryibice bibiri hamwe na sisitemu igezweho yo kugenzura imibare, ihuza ingufu zagabanijwe.
Iterambere ryububiko bwingufu za batiri ntirishobora gutandukanywa nimbaraga zakozwe kugirango tumenye ivugurura rya gride.Imiyoboro ya sisitemu ishyigikira uruhare rwabakoresha ibicuruzwa muburyo bwimikorere ya sisitemu yubwenge, kubungabunga ibiteganijwe no kwikosora, bigatanga inzira yo gushyira mu bikorwa urwego rwihuse.Ibi byose byugurura umwanya wo kubika ingufu za bateri, bigasaba kwiha agaciro mukongera ubushobozi, ibikorwa byo kogosha, cyangwa kuzamura ubwiza bwingufu.Nubwo tekinoroji yubwenge yabayeho mugihe runaka, kugaragara kubika ingufu za batiri bifasha gukuramo ubushobozi bwuzuye.
3. Ubukangurambaga bw'ingufu zisubirwamo ku isi
Ingufu nini zishobora kuvugururwa no kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere nazo zitera ikoreshwa ryisi yose yo kubika ingufu za batiri.Uruhare rukomeye rwakozwe na bateri muguhagarika imiterere yigihe gito yingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya biragaragara.Ingano nubwinshi bwubwoko bwose bwabakoresha amashanyarazi biruka ingufu zisukuye buracyiyongera.Ibi bigaragarira cyane cyane mu bigo no mu nzego za Leta.ibi biratangaza iterambere rirambye ryingufu zishobora kubaho kandi birashobora gukomeza kohereza mububiko bwingufu za batiri kugirango bifashe muguhuza ingufu nyinshi zagabanijwe.
4. uruhare ku masoko y'amashanyarazi menshi
Kubika ingufu za bateri birashobora gufasha kuringaniza imiyoboro ijyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi no kuzamura ubwiza bwamashanyarazi.Ibi byerekana ko hari amahirwe menshi yo kubika ingufu za batiri kwitabira isoko ryamashanyarazi menshi kwisi yose.Hafi y'ibihugu byose twasesenguye birahindura imiterere y’isoko ryinshi mu rwego rwo gushyiraho ahantu ho kubika ingufu za batiri kugira ngo zitange ubushobozi na serivisi ziyongera nko kugenzura inshuro no kugenzura ingufu za voltage.nubwo iyi porogaramu ikiri mubyiciro byambere, byose byageze ku ntera zitandukanye zo gutsinda.
Abayobozi b'igihugu baragenda bafata ingamba zo guhemba uruhare rwo kubika ingufu za batiri mu kuringaniza ibikorwa bya gride.Kurugero, Komisiyo yigihugu ishinzwe ingufu muri Chili yateguye uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura serivisi zinyongera zemera uruhare sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri ishobora gutanga;Ubutaliyani nabwo bwafunguye isoko rya serivisi zinyongera nkicyitegererezo cy’imishinga y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n’ububiko bw’ingufu zizatangizwa mu rwego rwo kuvugurura amategeko agenga amategeko.
5. gushigikira amafaranga
mu bihugu twize, inkunga y’amafaranga iterwa inkunga na guverinoma iragaragaza kandi imyumvire igenda yiyongera mu bafata ibyemezo ku nyungu z’ibisubizo by’ingufu za batiri ku murongo wose w’agaciro.Mu bushakashatsi bwacu, izi nkunga ntizarimo gusa ijanisha ryibiciro bya sisitemu ya batiri yishyuwe cyangwa yishyuwe biturutse ku kugabanyirizwa imisoro, ahubwo yanatewe inkunga n’amafaranga binyuze mu nkunga cyangwa inkunga yatanzwe.Kurugero, Ubutaliyani bwatanze imisoro 50% kubikoresho byo guturamo muri 2017;Koreya y'Epfo, gahunda yo kubika ingufu zashowe ku nkunga ya leta mu gice cya mbere cya 2017, yongereye ubushobozi bwa MW 89, 61.8% ugereranije n'icyo gihe cyashize umwaka ushize.
6. Politiki yo gukemura amashanyarazi
Kubera ko abaguzi n’ubucuruzi bagerageza gushakisha uburyo bwo kubona inyungu nyinshi ziva mu ishoramari ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, inyuma ya politiki y’ingoboka y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba (FIT) cyangwa politiki yo gukemura amashanyarazi ahinduka ibintu bitera imbaraga zo kurushaho gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za nyuma zo kubika ingufu za metero.Ibi bibera muri Ositaraliya, Ubudage, Ubwongereza na Hawaii.
Nubwo iyi atari inzira yisi yose, hamwe no gukuraho politiki ya FIT, abakoresha izuba bazakoresha bateri nkigikoresho cyo kogosha cyane kugirango batange serivisi zinyongera nka grid stabilite kumasosiyete ifasha leta.
7. kwifuza kwihaza
Icyifuzo kigenda cyiyongera kubakoresha ingufu za fosile-fosile-ingufu zo kwihaza byahindutse imbaraga zitangaje zo kohereza ububiko bwingufu inyuma ya metero.iyerekwa hari ukuntu ryongerera ingufu amashanyarazi inyuma yisoko hafi mubihugu byose dusuzuma, byerekana ko intego yo kugura sisitemu yo kubika ingufu atari amafaranga gusa.
8. politiki y'igihugu
kubatanga ingufu za batiri, politiki yatangijwe na leta kugirango iteze imbere intego zinyuranye zibaha amahirwe menshi.Ibihugu byinshi bizera ko kubika ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ari uburyo bushya bwo kubafasha kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kuzamura ubwizerwe no guhangana n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, no kugana ku ntego z’ibidukikije no kwangiza.
iterambere ryokubika ingufu naryo ryunguka manda ya politiki yagutse ijyanye nigisagara nubuziranenge bwintego zubuzima mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.Kurugero, Ubuhinde bwa Smart City Initiative bukoresha urugero rwikibazo cyo guhangana kugirango rushyigikire ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge mumijyi 100 mugihugu.Ikigamijwe ni ukureba amashanyarazi ahagije no kubungabunga ibidukikije.ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ingufu zisubirwamo hamwe nububiko bwingufu za batiri nibyingenzi kugirango tugere kuri izi ntego.
Ibibazo biri imbere
Mugihe abashoferi bamasoko bagenda bateranya no gutwara ingufu imbere, ibibazo biracyahari.
1. Ubukungu bubi
nk'ikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose, kubika ingufu za batiri ntabwo buri gihe ari ubukungu, kandi igiciro cyacyo usanga ari kinini cyane kuri porogaramu runaka.ikibazo nuko niba imyumvire yikiguzi kinini idahwitse, kubika ingufu za batiri birashobora kuvanwaho mugihe harebwa ibisubizo byo kubika ingufu.
Mubyukuri, ikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu za batiri kiragabanuka vuba.Tekereza ku isoko rya Xcel Energy riherutse kwerekana, ryerekanye ku buryo bugaragara urugero rw’igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya batiri ndetse n’ingaruka zabyo ku biciro byose bya sisitemu, byaje kugera ku gipimo mpuzandengo cy’amadolari 36 / mw ku ngirabuzimafatizo y’izuba na $ 21 / mw kuri selile y’umuyaga.Igiciro cyashyizeho amateka mashya muri Amerika.
Biteganijwe ko ibiciro byikoranabuhanga rya batiri ubwabyo hamwe nigiciro cyo kuringaniza ibice bya sisitemu bizakomeza kugabanuka kubiciro.Mugihe ubwo buhanga bwibanze butagoye nkubw'impungenge, ni ngombwa nka bateri ubwayo kandi ikayobora umurongo ukurikira wibiciro byagabanutse cyane.Kurugero, inverters ni "ubwonko" bwimishinga yo kubika ingufu, kandi ingaruka zabyo mubikorwa byumushinga no kugaruka ni ngombwa.icyakora, isoko yo kubika ingufu za inverter iracyari "shyashya kandi iratatanye".uko isoko ikuze, igiciro cyo kubika ingufu ziteganijwe kuzagabanuka mumyaka mike iri imbere.
2. kutagira ubuziranenge
Abitabiriye amasoko yo hambere akenshi bagombaga gusubiza ibyifuzo bitandukanye bya tekiniki kandi bakishimira politiki zitandukanye.utanga bateri nayo ntayo.Nta gushidikanya ko byongera ubunini nigiciro cyurwego rwose rwagaciro, bigatuma kutagira ubuziranenge bibangamira iterambere ryinganda.
3. Gutinda muri politiki yinganda no gushushanya isoko
nkuko havuka tekinoloji igenda ivuka ishobora guhanurwa, hanahanurwa ko politiki yinganda zikiri inyuma yikoranabuhanga risanzwe rifite ingufu muri iki gihe.kwisi yose, politiki yinganda zigezweho zashyizweho mbere yo guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu, zitemera guhinduka kwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu cyangwa gukora urwego rukinirwaho.icyakora, politiki nyinshi zirimo kuvugurura amategeko yisoko rya serivisi yinyongera kugirango ashyigikire ingufu zo kubika ingufu.ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri kugirango yongere imiyoboro ihindagurika kandi yizewe irerekanwa byuzuye, niyo mpamvu abayobozi bakunda kwibanda mbere kumasoko yingufu nyinshi.Amategeko yo gucuruza nayo agomba kuvugururwa kugirango habeho inyungu muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kubakoresha ingufu zituye n’ibimera.
Kugeza ubu, ibiganiro muri kano karere byibanze ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryikigereranyo cyangwa igipimo cyo kugabana igihe kuri metero zifite ubwenge.udashyize mubikorwa igipimo-ku-ntambwe, kubika ingufu za batiri gutakaza kimwe mu bintu bikurura: kubika amashanyarazi ku giciro gito hanyuma ukagurisha ku giciro cyo hejuru.Mugihe igipimo cyo kugabana igihe kitarahinduka isi yose, ibi birashobora guhinduka byihuse kuko metero zubwenge zatangijwe neza mubihugu byinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-29-2021
