Umuzenguruko

Kumena umuzunguruko bivuga igikoresho cyo guhinduranya gishobora gufunga, gutwara no kumena amashanyarazi mugihe gisanzwe cyumuzunguruko kandi gishobora gufunga, gutwara no kumena umuyaga mubihe bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko mugihe cyagenwe.Inzitizi zumuzunguruko zigabanyijemo ibice byinshi byumuvuduko wumuzunguruko hamwe n’umuriro muto w’amashanyarazi ukurikije aho bakoresha.

Imashanyarazi ishobora gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, gutangira moteri idahwitse, no kurinda imirongo itanga amashanyarazi na moteri.Mugihe bafite uburemere bukabije cyangwa bugufi-buke hamwe namakosa ari munsi ya voltage, barashobora guhita bahagarika uruziga.Imikorere yacyo ihwanye na fuse switch.Kwishyira hamwe hamwe no gushyuha no gushyushya relay, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ngombwa guhindura ibice nyuma yo kumena amakosa.Byakoreshejwe henshi.

Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ni ihuriro rikomeye cyane mu kubyara, guhererekanya no gukoresha amashanyarazi.Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikubiyemo transformateur hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi nini kandi ntoya, kandi icyuma giciriritse cyumuriro ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi.

Ihame ry'akazi:

Inzitizi zumuzunguruko muri rusange zigizwe na sisitemu yo guhuza, sisitemu yo kuzimya arc, uburyo bwo gukora, kurekura, hamwe na case.

Iyo umuzunguruko mugufi ubaye, umurima wa magneti utangwa numuyoboro munini (muri rusange inshuro 10 kugeza 12) unesha imbaraga zingaruka zimpanuka, irekurwa rikurura uburyo bwo gukora, kandi ingendo zikora ako kanya.Iyo iremerewe cyane, ikigezweho kiba kinini, ubushyuhe bwiyongera, kandi urupapuro rwa bimetallic rugahinduka kurwego runaka kugirango ruteze imbere ibikorwa byuburyo (nini nini, nigihe gito cyo gukora).

Hariho ubwoko bwa elegitoronike, bukoresha transformateur kugirango ikusanye icyerekezo cya buri cyiciro ikagereranya nagaciro kashyizweho.Iyo ikigezweho kidasanzwe, microprocessor yohereza ikimenyetso cyo gukora ibyuma bisohora ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ikora kugirango ikore.

Igikorwa cyo kumena inzitizi ni uguhagarika no guhuza imizigo, kimwe no guca inzitizi, gukumira impanuka kwaguka, no gukora neza.Umuyoboro mwinshi wa voltage ukenera kumena 1500V arc hamwe numuyoboro wa 1500-2000A.Izi arc zirashobora kuramburwa kugeza kuri 2m kandi zigakomeza gutwikwa zitazimye.Kubwibyo, kuzimya arc nikibazo cyumubyigano mwinshi wumuriro ugomba gukemura.

Ihame ryo guhuha arc no kuzimya arc ni ugukonjesha arc kugirango ugabanye gutandukana kwubushyuhe.Kurundi ruhande, kugirango urambure arc uhuha arc kugirango ushimangire kwiyunga no gukwirakwiza ibice byashizwemo, kandi mugihe kimwe, ibice byashizwe mu cyuho cya arc biraturika, kandi imbaraga za dielectrici yikigereranyo ziragarurwa vuba. .

Imashanyarazi ya voltage ntoya, izwi kandi kwizana ryikora ryikora, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukingura no kuzimya imizigo, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugucunga moteri zitangira gake.Imikorere yacyo ihwanye nigiteranyo cyibikorwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa ibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi nko guhinduranya ibyuma, ibyuma birenze urugero, gutakaza ingufu za voltage, ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nuburinzi.Nibikoresho byingenzi birinda amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi make.

Kumenagura amashanyarazi make afite ibyiza byimirimo myinshi yo kurinda (kurenza urugero, imiyoboro ngufi, kurinda munsi ya voltage, nibindi), agaciro k'ibikorwa bishobora guhinduka, ubushobozi bwo kumeneka cyane, imikorere yoroshye, n'umutekano, bityo bikoreshwa cyane.Imiterere n'ihame ry'akazi Umuyoboro muke wa voltage yamashanyarazi ugizwe nuburyo bwo gukora, guhuza, ibikoresho byo kurinda (gusohora bitandukanye), hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya arc.

Ihuza nyamukuru ryumubyigano muto wumuriro wumuriro ukoreshwa nintoki cyangwa gufunga amashanyarazi.Nyuma yo guhuza kwingenzi gufunzwe, uburyo bwurugendo rwubusa bufunga imiyoboro nyamukuru mumwanya ufunze.Igiceri cyo kurekura birenze urugero hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wo kurekura amashyanyarazi bikurikiranye hamwe numuzunguruko nyamukuru, kandi coil yo kurekura amashanyarazi ihujwe no gutanga amashanyarazi.Iyo umuzenguruko ari mugufi cyangwa uremerewe cyane, armature yo kurekura birenze urugero irakururwa kugirango uburyo bwurugendo rwubuntu bukore, kandi umubonano nyamukuru uhagarika uruziga nyamukuru.Iyo umuzenguruko uremerewe, ibintu byubushyuhe bwo gusohora ubushyuhe bizashyuha kandi byunamye bimetal, bisunike uburyo bwo kurekura kubuntu gukora.Iyo umuzenguruko uri munsi ya volvoltage, armature yo kurekura munsi ya volvoltage irekurwa.Koresha kandi uburyo bwurugendo rwubusa.Kurekura shunt bikoreshwa mugucunga kure.Mugihe gikora gisanzwe, coil yacyo irazimya.Mugihe hagomba kugenzurwa intera, kanda buto yo gutangira kugirango ushire ingufu.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi:

Ibiranga kumena umuzenguruko ahanini birimo: voltage voltage Ue;Ikigereranyo kigezweho Muri;kurinda birenze urugero (Ir cyangwa Irth) hamwe no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi (Im) kugendana ibipimo bigezweho;yagabanijwe kumashanyarazi magufi yameneka (inganda zumuzunguruko Icu; urugo rwumuzunguruko Icn) Tegereza.

Ikigereranyo cyo Gukoresha Umuvuduko (Ue): Iyi ni voltage aho icyuma cyumuzunguruko gikora mubihe bisanzwe (bidahagaritswe).

Ikigereranyo cyagenwe (Muri): Ngiyo agaciro ntarengwa kavukire ko icyuma cyumuzunguruko gifite ibikoresho byihariye byurugendo rushobora kwihanganira bidasubirwaho ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwagenwe nuwabikoze, kandi ntibishobora kurenga igipimo cyubushyuhe cyagenwe nikintu kigezweho.

Urugendo rugufi-rugendo rugendo rwo gushiraho agaciro (Im): Urugendo rugufi rwumuzunguruko (ako kanya cyangwa gutinda-gutinda) bikoreshwa mukugenda byihuta kumeneka kumashanyarazi mugihe habaye amakosa menshi yibihe, kandi urugendo rwayo ni Im.

Ikigereranyo kigufi cyo kumeneka ubushobozi (Icu cyangwa Icn): Ikigereranyo cyagabanijwe cyumuzunguruko kigufi cyumuvuduko wumuzunguruko nigiciro kinini cyane (giteganijwe) icyuma gishobora kumeneka kitarangiritse.Indangagaciro zigezweho zitangwa mubisanzwe ni rms agaciro ka AC yibigize ikosa ryubu, hamwe na DC yinzibacyuho (ihora iboneka mugihe gito-gito-cyumuzunguruko) ifatwa nka zeru mugihe ubara agaciro gasanzwe .Urutonde rwumuzunguruko winganda (Icu) hamwe nu rutonde rwamashanyarazi yo murugo (Icn) mubisanzwe bitangwa muri kA rms.

Ubushobozi bwo kumena imiyoboro ngufi (Ics): Ubushobozi bwo kumeneka kumeneka yamashanyarazi bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: igipimo cyanyuma cyo kumeneka kumashanyarazi magufi hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo kumena amashanyarazi.