Ihame ryakazi rya inverter:
Intangiriro yibikoresho bya inverter ni inverter switch circuit, ivugwa nkumuzenguruko wa inverter mugihe gito.Umuzunguruko urangiza imikorere ya inverter mugukingura no kuzimya amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike.
Ibiranga:
(1) Birakenewe gukora neza.
Bitewe nigiciro kinini cyimirasire yizuba muri iki gihe, kugirango turusheho gukoresha imirasire yizuba no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu, tugomba kugerageza kunoza imikorere ya inverter.
(2) Birakenewe kwizerwa cyane.
Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane cyane mu turere twa kure, kandi sitasiyo nyinshi z’amashanyarazi ntizitabwaho kandi zikabungabungwa, bisaba ko inverter iba ifite imiterere yumuzunguruko ikwiye, guhitamo ibice, kandi igasaba inverter kugira ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kurinda, nkibi nka: kwinjiza DC polarite ihindagurika kurinda, AC isohoka mugufi kurinda umuzunguruko, gushyuha cyane, kurinda ibintu birenze, nibindi.
(3) Iyinjiza voltage irasabwa kugira intera nini yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire.
Kuberako imbaraga za terefone ya selile yizuba itandukana numutwaro nuburemere bwizuba.Cyane cyane iyo bateri ishaje, voltage yayo ya terefone iratandukanye cyane.Kurugero, kuri bateri ya 12V, voltage yumurongo wacyo irashobora gutandukana hagati ya 10V na 16V, bisaba ko inverter ikora mubisanzwe murwego runini rwa DC rwinjiza.
Ibyiciro bya Photovoltaic inverter：
Hariho inzira nyinshi zo gutondekanya inverter.Kurugero, ukurikije umubare wibyiciro bya AC voltage isohoka na inverter, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bimwe byimyanya ndangagitsina na feri eshatu;Igabanijwemo inverteri ya transistor, inverters ya thyristor no kuzimya inverteri ya thyristor.Ukurikije ihame ryumuzenguruko wa inverter, irashobora kandi kugabanywa muburyo bwo kwishima kwinyeganyeza, guhinduranya intambwe ya superposition inverter hamwe na pulse ubugari bwa modulisiyo.Ukurikije porogaramu muri sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu cyangwa sisitemu ya gride, irashobora kugabanywa muri gride ihuza inverter na off-grid inverter.Kugirango byorohereze abakoresha optoelectronic guhitamo inverter, hano inverter gusa zashyizwe mubikorwa ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye byakoreshwa.
1. Guhindura inverter
Ikorana buhanga rya tekinoroji ni uko imirongo myinshi ifotora ifotora ihuza imirongo ya DC yinjiza imwe.Mubisanzwe, ibyiciro bitatu byingufu za IGBT modules zikoreshwa mumbaraga nyinshi, naho transistors yumurima ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi make.DSP ihindura umugenzuzi kugirango azamure ubwiza bwamashanyarazi yabyaye, bigatuma yegera cyane umuyaga wa sine, ubusanzwe ukoreshwa muri sisitemu yinganda nini nini zifotora (> 10kW).Ikintu kinini kiranga ni uko imbaraga za sisitemu ari nyinshi kandi igiciro ni gito, ariko kubera ko ibisohoka n’umuvuduko w’ibisohoka n’imigozi itandukanye ya PV akenshi bidahuye neza (cyane cyane iyo imirongo ya PV ihagaritswe igice kubera ibicu, igicucu, ikizinga , nibindi), inverteri ihuriweho yemewe.Guhindura inzira bizatuma kugabanuka kwimikorere ya inverter no kugabanuka kwingufu zabakoresha amashanyarazi.Muri icyo gihe, amashanyarazi yizewe ya sisitemu yose ya Photovoltaque yibasiwe nimikorere mibi yitsinda ryamafoto.Icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi buheruka ni ugukoresha umwanya wa vector modulasiyo yo kugenzura no guteza imbere imiyoboro mishya ya topologiya ihuza inverter kugirango ibone imikorere myiza murwego rwo gutwara ibintu.
2. Ikurikiranyanyuguti
Umugozi inverter ushingiye kubitekerezo.Buri mugozi wa PV (1-5kw) unyura muri inverter, ufite imbaraga ntarengwa zo hejuru zikurikirana kuruhande rwa DC, kandi uhujwe kuburinganire kuruhande rwa AC.Inverter izwi cyane ku isoko.
Amashanyarazi menshi manini yingufu zikoresha imirongo ikoresha inverter.Akarusho nuko itatewe ingaruka no gutandukanya module no kugicucu hagati yumurongo, kandi mugihe kimwe bigabanya kudahuza hagati yimikorere myiza ya moderi ya fotokoltaque na inverter, bityo bikongerera ingufu amashanyarazi.Izi nyungu za tekiniki ntabwo zigabanya ibiciro bya sisitemu gusa, ahubwo binongera sisitemu yo kwizerwa.Muri icyo gihe, igitekerezo cya "shobuja-umugaragu" gitangizwa hagati y'imigozi, kugirango sisitemu ibashe guhuza amatsinda menshi y'imirongo ifotora hamwe hanyuma ureke umwe cyangwa benshi muribo bakora muburyo umugozi umwe w'ingufu udashobora gukora akazi kamwe., bityo bikabyara amashanyarazi menshi.
Igitekerezo giheruka ni uko inverters nyinshi zigira "itsinda" hagati yazo aho kuba "umutware-umugaragu", ibyo bigatuma sisitemu yiringirwa intambwe irenze.Kugeza ubu, insimburangingo yimigozi ihindura yiganje.
3. Inverter ya Micro
Muri sisitemu gakondo ya PV, DC yinjiza impera ya buri mugozi inverter ihujwe murukurikirane na paneli zigera ku 10.Iyo paneli 10 ihujwe murukurikirane, niba imwe idakora neza, uyu mugozi uzagira ingaruka.Niba MPPT imwe ikoreshwa kubintu byinshi byinjira muri inverter, ibyinjira byose nabyo bizagira ingaruka, bigabanye cyane ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Mubikorwa bifatika, ibintu bitandukanye byo kwifata nkibicu, ibiti, chimney, inyamaswa, umukungugu, urubura na shelegi bizatera ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, kandi ibintu birasanzwe cyane.Muri sisitemu ya PV ya micro-inverter, buri panel ihujwe na micro-inverter.Mugihe imwe mumwanya yananiwe gukora neza, gusa iyi panel izagira ingaruka.Ibindi bikoresho byose bya PV bizakora neza, bituma sisitemu rusange ikora neza kandi itanga ingufu nyinshi.Mubikorwa bifatika, niba umugozi inverter unaniwe, bizatera kilowatt nyinshi zumuriro wizuba kunanirwa gukora, mugihe ingaruka zo kunanirwa kwa micro-inverter ni nto cyane.
4. Gukoresha imbaraga
Kwishyiriraho ingufu zikoresha ingufu muri sisitemu yo kubyara izuba birashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo guhindura, no koroshya imikorere ya inverter kugirango igabanye ibiciro.Kugirango tumenye neza amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ibikoresho byogukoresha ingufu birashobora rwose gutuma buri selile yizuba ikora neza kandi ikagenzura uko ikoreshwa rya batiri igihe icyo aricyo cyose.Imbaraga zogukoresha imbaraga nigikoresho kiri hagati yingufu zamashanyarazi na inverter, kandi umurimo wacyo nyamukuru ni ugusimbuza umwimerere imbaraga za point point ikurikirana imikorere ya inverter.Imbaraga zitanga ingufu zikora byihuse cyane imbaraga za point point ikurikirana kubisikana mukugereranya umuzunguruko kandi selile imwe yizuba ihuye na optimizer, kuburyo buri selile yizuba ishobora rwose kugera kumurongo mwiza w'amashanyarazi, Byongeye kandi, uko bateri ishobora kuba ikurikiranwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'ahantu hose ushiramo chip y'itumanaho, kandi ikibazo gishobora guhita gitangazwa kugirango abakozi bireba bashobore kugisana vuba bishoboka.
Imikorere ya fotovoltaque inverter
Inverter ntabwo ifite imikorere yo guhindura DC-AC gusa, ahubwo ifite n'umurimo wo kugabanya imikorere yimirasire yizuba hamwe numurimo wo kurinda amakosa ya sisitemu.Mu ncamake, hariho ibikorwa byikora no guhagarika ibikorwa, ibikorwa ntarengwa byo kugenzura imbaraga zo kugenzura, ibikorwa birwanya ibikorwa byigenga (kuri sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu), imikorere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi mu buryo bwikora (kuri sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro), imikorere ya DC yo kumenya (kuri grid- sisitemu ihujwe), DC yo gutahura imikorere (kuri sisitemu ihuza gride).Hano hari intangiriro ngufi kubikorwa byikora no guhagarika ibikorwa hamwe nigikorwa kinini cyo kugenzura imbaraga.
(1) Igikorwa cyikora no guhagarika imikorere
Nyuma yuko izuba rirashe mugitondo, ubukana bwimirasire yizuba bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi umusaruro wizuba nawo uriyongera.Iyo imbaraga zisohoka zisabwa na inverter zigeze, inverter itangira gukora byikora.Nyuma yo kwinjira mubikorwa, inverter izagenzura ibisohoka mumirasire y'izuba igihe cyose.Igihe cyose ibisohoka ingufu za selile yizuba iruta imbaraga zisohoka zisabwa kugirango inverter ikore, inverter izakomeza gukora;bizahagarara izuba rirenze, kabone niyo byaba ari ibicu n'imvura.Inverter irashobora kandi gukora.Iyo ibisohoka byizuba rya selile module biba bito kandi ibisohoka muri inverter bigera kuri 0, inverter izakora leta ihagaze.
(2) Igikorwa ntarengwa cyo kugenzura imbaraga zo kugenzura
Ibisohoka mumirasire y'izuba bigenda bitandukana hamwe nuburemere bwimirasire yizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwa module yizuba ubwayo (ubushyuhe bwa chip).Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko izuba ryizuba module ifite ibiranga ko voltage igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubu, hari ahantu heza ho gukorera hashobora kuboneka ingufu ntarengwa.Imbaraga z'imirasire y'izuba zirahinduka, kandi biragaragara ko ahantu heza ho gukorera hanahinduka.Ugereranije nizo mpinduka, aho ikorera izuba ryumubumbe wizuba rihora kumurongo ntarengwa, kandi sisitemu ihora ibona ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba.Igenzura nubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gukurikirana imbaraga.Ikintu kinini kiranga inverters kuri sisitemu yizuba ni uko zirimo imikorere yumuriro ntarengwa wo gukurikirana (MPPT).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-26-2022
